The new law will affect more women seeking abortions in the first trimester than any other single abortion ban to date, upending an already precarious new landscape for abortion access that has developed in the wake of the June 2022 U.S. Supreme Court ruling.
The Florida justices issued a separate ruling Monday that greenlighted an initiative to put abortion on the ballot in November.
But even if voters decide to establish a constitutional right to abortion, thousands of women will have to reckon with unwanted pregnancies in the eight months between May 1, when the new ban will take effect, and next January, when such an amendment could be added to the constitution.
Anya Cook, who nearly died after she was denied an abortion under Florida’s existing 15-week ban in 2022, had a message Monday for women in the Sunshine State who now encounter pregnancy complications after the six-week mark.
“Run,” she said. “Run, because you have no help here.”
The closest clinic where abortion will now be legal after the six-week mark for someone living at Florida’s southernmost tip will be a 14-hour drive away in Charlotte Patients whose pregnancies have progressed beyond 12 weeks, the point when North Carolina bans abortion, will have to drive 17 hours, to southern Virginia.
As has happened in other states where abortion is illegal, many people in Florida are expected to order abortion pills online rather than making the journey to a bricks-and-mortar clinic — an experience that some find simple, but for others can be confusing and scary amid a fraught legal landscape.
Before Monday’s ruling, Florida had long been a refuge for people seeking abortions across the South, with its Supreme Court upholding protections for the procedure under a 1980 amendment to the state constitution that established a right to privacy. Even before Roe fell, Florida required patients to comply with significantly fewer restrictions than other states in the region, permitting abortions later in pregnancy than its neighbors and allowing patients to receive care without first scheduling an initial consultation at least 24 hours before their procedure.
That reputation as a destination for women seeking to terminate their pregnancies frustrated antiabortion advocates, who focused in recent years on changing on the ideological makeup of the state Supreme Court. Since taking office, Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) has remade the court into a conservative stronghold, appointing several justices with deep ties to the antiabortion movement. The court ruled unanimously on Monday that the existing constitution does not protect the right to abortion.
John Stemberger, a longtime antiabortion advocate in Florida, celebrated the triumph over what he called the “older, activist Florida Supreme Court.”
“We were right about this all along,” said Stemberger, the recently appointed president of Liberty Counsel Action, a conservative advocacy group. “It’s a huge victory.”
Florida’s existing law, passed in the spring of 2022, allows abortions up to 15 weeks of pregnancy, a time period in which the vast majority of abortions take place. The new six-week ban — which includes exceptions for rape, incest, medical emergencies and “fatal fetal abnormalities” — outlaws the procedure before many people know they’re pregnant.
Across the country on Monday night, abortion rights advocates were already imagining how a surge of patients from populous Florida could further strain clinics in Democrat-led states that have seen a spike in traffic since Roe fell.
“The concern isn’t where Alabamians are going to go without Florida,” said Robin Marty, the executive director of the West Alabama Women’s Center, a former abortion clinic that has remained open providing other health-care services after Alabama made almost all abortions illegal. “It’s where are Floridians going to go — because they have no place to go.”
The Alamo Women’s Clinic of Illinois — an abortion clinic that reopened in southern Illinois after locations were forced to shutter in Oklahoma and Texas — currently sees between 400 and 500 patients a month, said Andrea Gallegos, who runs the clinic. The location, a 17-hour drive from Miami, is ready to expand its hours, she said, to absorb more patient traffic from Florida.
“I don’t know what our limit is,” said Gallegos. “Right now it’s just important to take it one day at a time, and see as many people as we can.”
While the clinic is currently able to see patients within a week after they seek an appointment, Gallegos said she expects wait times will lengthen once the six-week ban takes effect in Florida. That’s what happened at their clinic in Oklahoma after Texas enacted a six-week ban in the fall of 2021, nine months before Roe fell.
“We tripled our case load then,” she recalled. “The days became longer, and we just had to adapt.”
Approximately 50,000 people got abortions every year in Texas before Roe fell, according to the Texas Health and Human Services Commission. That’s significantly fewer than the 84,000 who received abortion care in Florida last year, numbers compiled by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration.
Many people in Florida were already forced to leave the state for abortions under the 15-week ban that took effect soon after Roe was overturned, including some who experienced pregnancy complications that doctors said they could no longer treat.
Cook was turned away from a hospital in December 2022 when her water broke around 16 weeks of pregnancy, long before a fetus is viable. Less than 24 hours later, she hemorrhaged on the floor of a hair salon — a harrowing experience she recounted in an interview in The Washington Post. Her friend, Shanae Smith-Cunningham, was turned away from a different hospital with the same complication less than a week later.
Over a year after that experience, Cook is pregnant again — and consumed by anxiety over what might happen.
“I’m terrified that my life is still at risk,” said Cook, who has been on full bed rest during her pregnancy, determined to take every precaution.
She is furious at the Republican politicians who passed the new law, as well as the Supreme Court justices who ruled to allow it to go into effect.
“They see the complications that come from their decisions. But nothing is going to make them change their minds,” she said.
Many advocates in Florida are hopeful that voters will turn out in November to secure abortion rights in the state, which would require over 60 percent of voters to agree to amend the state constitution.
“When voters head to the polls this November, they will send a message to Florida politicians that decisions about whether to have an abortion should be between a patient and a provider, not a constituent and their politician,” said Lauren Brenzel, the campaign director for Floridians Protecting Freedom, the group organizing the efforts to pass the ballot measure.
Beth Reinhard contributed to this report.
